交换视角下体育公共服务治理中的问题与对策分析     

朱传客  童莹娟  刘玉洁 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(3):16-21

基于交换理论，以交换理性、交换结构、交换的不确定性为切入点，结合相关治理案例，对体育公共服务治理中的公共性偏移、合作性缺失、多元化不足等问题进行解释。研究认为，在体育公共服务治理中，当经济理性超过社会理性，各主体将形成损公利私的扭曲行为；资源状况的差异导致主体结构失衡，进而导致主体间形成控制与依附的关系，阻碍了以平等、协作为特征的主体间合作形成；不确定性影响了“体制外”组织的参与，导致“多元化”的不足。最后，以培育社会理性、平衡主体结构、降低不确定性三个角度出发，以规范各主体行为为抓手提出治理策略与建议。  相似文献   

公共图书馆对城市边缘群体心理援助探索     

钱永宽 《新世纪图书馆》2011,(1)

公共图书馆是传播教育、文化和信息的一支有生力量,是促使人们寻找和平与精神幸福的基本资源.作者试图探索一些方法以帮助边缘群体克服他们的的心理问题.  相似文献   

Exploring athletes’ perceptions of coach stress in elite sport environments     

Richard C. Thelwell  Christopher R. D. Wagstaff  Adam Rayner  Michael Chapman  Jamie Barker 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(1):44-55

The present study aimed to extend research that has focused on the identification of stressors associated with coaching practice by systematically evaluating how such stressors effect athletes, and more broadly, the coach–athlete relationship. A total of 13 professional- and national-level athletes were interviewed to address the three study aims: how they detect when a coach is encountering stressors, how coach experiences of stress effects them as an athlete, and how effective the coach is when experiencing stress. Following content analysis, the data suggested athletes were able to detect when a coach was experiencing stress and this was typically via a variety of verbal and behavioural cues. Despite some positive effects of the coach experiencing stress, the majority were negative and varied across a range of personal influences on the athlete, and effects on the general coaching environment. It was also the broad view of the athletes that coaches were less effective when stressed, and this was reflected in performance expectations, perceptions of competence, and lack of awareness. The findings are discussed in relation to the existing theory and with reference to their implications for applied practice, future research, and development of the coach–athlete relationship.  相似文献   

Kinematic analysis of hip and knee rotation and other contributors to ballet turnout     

Amy E. Quanbeck  Sara C. Handley  Deborah S. Quanbeck 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):331-338

Turnout, or external rotation (ER) of the lower extremities, is essential in ballet. The purpose of this study was to utilise physical examination and a biomechanical method for obtaining functional kinematic data using hip and knee joint centres to identify the relative turnout contributions from hip rotation, femoral anteversion, knee rotation, tibial torsion, and other sources. Ten female dancers received a lower extremity alignment assessment, including passive hip rotation, femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, weightbearing foot alignment, and Beighton hypermobility score. Next, turnout was assessed using plantar pressure plots and three-dimensional motion analysis; participants performed turnout to ballet first position on both a plantar pressure mat and friction-reducing discs. A retro-reflective functional marker motion capture system mapped the lower extremities and hip and knee joint centres. Mean total turnout was 129±15.7° via plantar pressure plots and 135±17.8° via kinematics. Bilateral hip ER during turnout was 49±10.2° (36% of total turnout). Bilateral knee ER during turnout was 41±5.9° (32% of total turnout). Hip ER contribution to total turnout measured kinematically was less than expected compared to other studies, where hip ER was determined without functional kinematic data. Knee ER contributed substantially more turnout than expected or previously reported. This analysis method allows precise assessment of turnout contributors.  相似文献   

我国体育科学领域高影响力论文分析 ——基于CNKI数据平台的高被引论文     

韩治国  杨海燕 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(6):5-9

通过CNKI全文数据库收集数据,采用科学计量方法和社会网络分析方法,对我国被引频次排在前500名的体育期刊论文从自主论文、合作论文、机构、作者、期刊等指标进行统计分析,探究了体育科学领域的研究趋势及研究热点,揭示了体育科学领域研究规律,为体育学科发展及学术影响力评价提供参考依据.研究结论:体育科学高影响力学术论文呈弧线变化;自主论文占主要地位,有待进一步开展地区间合作和交流;体育院校及机构是体育科学研究的核心单位.  相似文献   

Exploring the effects of substituting basketball players in high-level teams     

Miguel-Ángel Gómez  Roberto Silva  Alberto Lorenzo  Rasa Kreivyte  Jaime Sampaio 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):247-254

Substituting basketball players during competition is a key process to optimise collective performance. Available research on this topic is scarce, probably due to the difficulty in isolating these effects; thus, the aim of this study was to identify the temporal effects of substitutions in basketball (Spanish professional basketball league). The sample was composed of 1118 substitutions gathered from 21 basketball games. The analysed variables were coach-controlled (player and team’s personal fouls, player in and player out roles, player’s in and out minutes on-court and timeout situation); on-court (foul committed, free throws, 2- and 3-point field-goal effectiveness) and situational variables (scoreline, quality of opposition, game location and game quarter). The results showed positive scoring performances after the substitution for all the analyses. During the first quarter, there were significant effects for fouls committed, scoreline and game location after the substitution. The player’s out personal fouls, free-throw effectiveness, player in, minutes on-court player in, timeout situation and 3-point field-goal effectiveness were significant during the second quarter. The team’s personal fouls, game location, and scoreline were identified as important in the third quarter. The fourth quarter did not show significant effects on the independent variables. Current findings allow optimising coaches’ plans and team management of on-court and bench players throughout the game.  相似文献   

Methodological Choices in the Content Analysis of Textbooks for Measuring Alignment With Standards          下载免费PDF全文

Morgan S. Polikoff  Nan Zhou  Shauna E. Campbell 《Educational Measurement》2015,34(3):10-17

With the recent adoption of the Common Core standards in many states, there is a need for quality information about textbook alignment to standards. While there are many existing content analysis procedures, these generally have little, if any, validity or reliability evidence. One exception is the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC), which has been widely used to analyze the alignment among standards, assessments, and teachers’ instruction. However, the SEC can be time‐consuming and expensive when used for this purpose. This study extends the SEC to the analysis of entire mathematics textbooks and investigates whether the results of SEC alignment analyses are affected if the content analysis procedure is simplified. The results indicate that analyzing only every fifth item produces nearly identical alignment results with no effect on the reliability of content analyses.  相似文献   

Changes in kinematics and arm–leg coordination during a 100-m breaststroke swim     

Samuel W. Oxford  Rob S. James  Michael J. Price  Carl J. Payton  Michael J. Duncan 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(16):1658-1665

The purpose of this study was to compare arm–leg coordination and kinematics during 100 m breaststroke in 26 (8 female; 18 male) specialist breaststroke swimmers. Laps were recorded using three 50-Hz underwater cameras. Heart rate and blood lactate were measured pre- and post-swim. Arm–leg coordination was defined using coordination phases describing continuity between recovery and propulsive phases of upper and lower limbs: coordination phase 1 (time between end of leg kick and start of the arm pull phases); and coordination phase 2 (time between end of arm pull and start of leg kick phases). Duration of stroke phases, coordination phases, swim velocity, stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and stroke index (SI) were analysed during the last three strokes of each lap that were unaffected by turning or finishing. Significant changes in velocity, SI and SL (P < 0.05) were found between laps. Both sexes showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate and blood lactate pre- to post-swim. Males had significantly (P < 0.01) faster swim velocities resulting from longer SLs (P = 0.016) with no difference in SR (P = 0.064). Sex differences in kinematic parameters can be explained by anthropometric differences providing males with increased propelling efficiency.  相似文献   

县级政府信息公开现状以及存在问题研究     

倪辛桐 《安徽职业技术学院学报》2017,16(1):23-26

文章通过对浙江省德清县、长兴县和绍兴市柯桥区三县区政府信息公开年报数据进行实证研究得知,目前我国县级政府信息公开存在着以下问题:第一,政府信息公开主动性不强;第二,公众对申请政府信息公开的积极性不高;第三,政府信息公开的完整性不大。同时,通过分析上述问题形成的原因,提出完善地方政府信息公开体制和引入绩效考核机制等措施,提高我国县级政府信息公开工作水平。  相似文献   

Kinematic and kinetic analysis of overhand,sidearm and underhand lacrosse shot techniques     

Charles A. J. Macaulay  Pro Stergiou  Darren Stefanyshyn  Luciano Tomaghelli 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2350-2356

Lacrosse requires the coordinated performance of many complex skills. One of these skills is shooting on the opponents’ net using one of three techniques: overhand, sidearm or underhand. The purpose of this study was to (i) determine which technique generated the highest ball velocity and greatest shot accuracy and (ii) identify kinematic and kinetic variables that contribute to a high velocity and high accuracy shot. Twelve elite male lacrosse players participated in this study. Kinematic data were sampled at 250 Hz, while two-dimensional force plates collected ground reaction force data (1000 Hz). Statistical analysis showed significantly greater ball velocity for the sidearm technique than overhand (P < 0.001) and underhand (P < 0.001) techniques. No statistical difference was found for shot accuracy (P > 0.05). Kinematic and kinetic variables were not significantly correlated to shot accuracy or velocity across all shot types; however, when analysed independently, the lead foot horizontal impulse showed a negative correlation with underhand ball velocity (P = 0.042). This study identifies the technique with the highest ball velocity, defines kinematic and kinetic predictors related to ball velocity and provides information to coaches and athletes concerned with improving lacrosse shot performance.  相似文献